Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies on HIV drug resistance mutations among people initiating pre-exposure prophylaxis
No | First Author | Year | PrEP1 regimen | Sample size (Seroconversion) | Country | Study population | Study design | Molecular technique used for genotyping | Mutation variant | ROB22 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Thigpen et al. (TDF2) [35] | 2012 | TDF3-FTC4 | 26 | Botswana (Africa) | Heterosexual | Arm1: TDF-FTC (oral) Arm2: placebo (oral) | Genotype: Qiagen BioRobot M48 | Major | Low |
2 | 2014 | TDF-FTC | 141 | South Africa, Brazil, Thailand, and the United States (Africa, America, Asia) | MSM5 | Arm1: TDF-FTC (oral) Arm2: placebo (oral) | Genotype: TRUGENE, Siemens qMVA (minor variant) | Major | Low | |
3 | 2015 | TDF-FTC | 68 | Kenya, Tanzania (Africa) | Heterosexual | Arm1: TDF-FTC (oral) Arm2: placebo (oral) | Genotype: TRUGENE, Siemens Phenotype: PhenoSense, monogram biosciences AS-PCR6 + 454 platform (minor variant) | Major, Minor | Low | |
4 | Marrazzo et al. (VOICE) [13] | 2015 | TDF, TDF-FTC, Placebo 1% TFV7 vaginal gel | 140 | Uganda, Zimbabwe (Africa) | Heterosexual | Arm1: TDF (oral) Arm2: TDF-FTC (oral) Arm3: placebo (oral) Arm4: 1% TFV (gel) Arm5: placebo (gel) | Genotype: ViroSeq | Major | Low |
5 | Zhang et al. (HPTN 073) [15] | 2017 | TDF-FTC | 8 | United States (America) | MSM | Non-placebo-controlled study | Genotype: ViroSeq & NGS8 | Major, Minor | High |
6 | Sivay et al. (ADAPT) [30] | 2017 | TDF-FTC | 12 | South Africa, Thailand, United States (Africa, America, Asia) | Heterosexual, MSM | Non-placebo-controlled study (daily usage/time-driven usage/event-driven usage) | Genotype: ViroSeq & NGS | Major | Low |
7 | 2018 | TDF-FTC | 31 | France, Canada (Europe) | MSM | Arm1: TDF-FTC (oral) Arm2: placebo (oral) (BLIND9/OLE10 phase) | Sanger + UDS11 (454 platform) | Major, Minor | Low | |
8 | 2015 | TDF, TDF-FTC | 83 | Kenya, Uganda (Africa) | Heterosexual | Arm1: TDF (oral) Arm2: TDF-FTC (oral) Arm3: placebo (oral) | Genotype: ViroSeq | Major, Minor | Low | |
9 | McCormack et al. (PROUD) [14] | 2016 | TDF-FTC | 26 | England (Europe) | MSM | Non-placebo-controlled study (Immediate group/Deferred group) | NA12 | Major | Low |
10 | Liu et al. (DEMO) [31] | 2016 | TDF-FTC | 5 | United States (America) | MSM | Non-placebo-controlled study | Genotype: TRUGENE, Siemens qMVA (minor variant) | Major | High |
11 | Mayer et al. (DISCOVER) [33] | 2020 | TDF-FTC, TAF13-FTC | 15 | Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, UK, Canada, United States (Europe, America) | MSM | Non-placebo-controlled study Arm1: TDF-FTC (oral) Arm2: TAF-FTC (oral) | NA | Major | Low |
12 | Phanuphak et al. (Princess) [32] | 2018 | TDF-FTC | 7 | Thailand (Asia) | MSM | Non-placebo-controlled study | NA | Major | High |