Table 1 Participant characteristics

Age, median (SD)

39.2 (10.2)

40.5 (10.5)

37.8 (9.7)

< 0.001

Age

 18–24

23 (2.4)

9 (1.7)

14 (3.0)

0.004

 25–34

328 (33.6)

155 (30.2)

173 (37.4)

 35–44

411 (42.1)

216 (42.0)

195 (42.2)

 45–54

132 (13.5)

79 (15.4)

53 (11.5)

 ≥55

82 (8.4)

55 (10.7)

27 (5.8)

Sex

 Female

645 (67.0)

349 (68.0)

296 (64.2)

0.209

 Male

329 (33.7)

164 (32.0)

165 (35.8)

 Missing

2 (0.3)

1

1

Education

 No education

429 (44.0)

260 (51.5)

169 (38.1)

< .0001*

 Primary

416 (42.6)

191 (37.8)

225 (50.7)

 Secondary

97 (9.9)

52 (10.3)

45 (10.1)

 Tertiary

7 (0.7)

2 (0.4)

5 (1.1)

 Missing

27 (2.7)

9

18

HIV status disclosed

 No

385 (39.4)

195 (38.2)

190 (41.2)

0.331

 Yes

587 (60.1)

316 (61.8)

271 (58.8)

 Missing

4 (0.4)

3

1

Initial WHO stage

 I

739 (75.7)

379 (84.0)

360 (85.9)

0.384

 II

91 (9.3)

47 (10.4)

44 (10.5)

 III & IV

40 (4.1)

25 (5.5)

15 (3.6)

 Missing

106 (10.9)

63

43

Adherence

 < 90%

248 (25.4)

144 (31.2)

104 (25.7)

0.078

 ≥ 90%

618 (63.3)

318 (68.8)

300 (74.3)

 Missing

110 (11.3)

52

58

Advance HIV disease

 < 200

160 (16.4)

88 (19.5)

72 (19.8)

0.911

 ≥ 200

656 (67.2)

364 (80.5)

292 (80.2)

 Missing

160 (16.4)

62

98

Viral load 6 months (n = 716)

 0–50

606 (84.6)

296 (86.3)

310 (83.1)

0.029

 51–999

52 (7.3)

16 (4.7)

36 (9.7)

 ≥1000

58 (8.1)

31 (9.0)

27 (7.2)

Viral load 12 months (n = 663)

 0–50

572 (86.3)

286 (87.7)

286 (84.9)

0.410

 51–999

44 (6.5)

17 (5.2)

27 (7.7)

 ≥1000

48 (7.2)

23 (7.0)

25 (7.4)

Viral load 18 months (n = 411)

 0–50

368 (89.8)

180 (88.2)

188 (91.3)

0.564

 51–999

22 (5.4)

12 (5.9)

10 (4.8)

 ≥1000

20 (4.9)

12 (5.9)

8 (3.9)